Clinical assessment of m-protein response in multiple myeloma

ABSTRACT

Applicant discloses an anti-idiotypic antibody to MOR202, which when fused to human albumin, shifted the antibody in IFE thus mitigating any potential interference of MOR202 with the M-protein clinical assessment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The patent application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/080,870 filed Aug. 29, 2018 which is the U.S. National Stage ofInternational Application No. PCT/EP2017/055011 filed Mar. 3, 2017,which claims the benefit of EP 16158714.2 filed Mar. 4, 2016, each ofwhich is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING”, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAMLISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTTED ON A COMPACT DISC AND ANINCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF THE MATERIAL ON THE COMPACT DISC

The contents of the electronic sequence listing (MOR0060USC1.xml); Size43,432 bytes; and Date of Creation: Feb. 14, 2023) is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer that involves the clonalexpansion of malignant plasma cells. MM is the most common malignantplasma cell tumor and the second most common hematologic malignancy inthe United States. The US age-adjusted incidence rate is 5.5 cases per100,000 and the annual incidence reaches approximately 6 to 7 per100,000 in the United Kingdom.

Plasma cells produce immunoglobulins (also called gammaglobulins), whichconsist of a heavy chain (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD or IgE) and a light chain(kappa or lambda) linked together. One plasma cell produces one type ofimmunoglobulin (for instance, IgA kappa or IgG kappa). Normally the bodycontains a variety of different plasma cells (“polyclonal”), thus theimmunoglobulins in the serum also represent a broad spectrum ofdifferent formats and specificities (polyclonal). In the case ofmultiple myeloma, the malignant cells are copies of only one or only afew distinct plasma cell(s) and the Immunoglobulin secreted by this orthese cell(s) is considered as monoclonal.

This monoclonal immunoglobulin is called M-protein or paraprotein andmay also consist of a heavy chain (most often IgG or IgA but also IgM,IgD or IgE) and a light chain (kappa or lambda) or truncated forms ofthese immunoglobulins. The increase of M protein in the serum is used toidentify B-cell malignancies, such as, MM.

Multiple staging systems are currently used for the diagnosis andmonitoring of responses in multiple myeloma: a) the Durie and SalmonStaging System, b) the International Staging System (ISS), and theInternational Myeloma Working Group (IMWG). The Durie and Salmon stagingsystem involves features that assess tumour cells mass, elevated serumimmunoglobulin (Ig)G levels, end-organ damage, and osteolytic bonelesions. The ISS places more emphasis on the disease burden based onβ2-microglobulin levels and serum albumin levels. The IMWG takes intoaccount both molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities, specifically,M-protein reduction over time is one of the most important factors andis used to assess the progress of disease and treatment success.

Protein manifestations characteristic of multiple myeloma includeincreases of monoclonal (M)-protein concentrations (IgG, IgA, IgA, IgD),light chain concentrations (including kappa [κ] and lambda[λ]), abnormalβ2-microglobulin, serum albumin, creatinine, and hemoglobin levels, andfindings of bone marrow plasma cells (of greater than or equal to 5%).Measurement of the protein manifestations (such as M protein) producedby patients can be achieved by numerous methods. Tests that measureM-proteins are the 24-hour urine collection test, urine proteinelectrophoresis (UPEP), serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP),immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and serum free light chain (sFLC)assay.

CD38 is an example of an antigen expressed on malignant plasma cells,and other lymphocytes, and therefore, represents a therapeutic target inthe treatment of multiple myeloma and other gammopathies. Functionsascribed to CD38 include both receptor mediation in adhesion andsignaling events and (ecto-) enzymatic activity. As an ectoenzyme, CD38uses NAD+ as substrate for the formation of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR)and ADPR, but also of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid-adeninedinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). cADPR and NAADP have been shown to actas second messengers for Ca2+ mobilization. By converting NAD+ to cADPR,CD38 regulates the extracellular NAD+ concentration and hence cellsurvival by modulation of NAD-induced cell death (NCID). In addition tosignaling via Ca2+, CD38 signaling occurs via cross-talk withantigen-receptor complexes on T and B cells or other types of receptorcomplexes, e.g. MHC molecules, and is in this way involved in severalcellular responses, but also in switching and secretion of IgG.

Antibodies specific for CD38 are in development for the treatment ofmultiple myeloma. Antibodies specific for CD38 are described inWO1999/62526 (Mayo Foundation); WO200206347 (Crucell Holland);US2002164788 (Jonathan Ellis) which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety; WO2005/103083 (MorphoSys AG), U.S. Ser. No. 10/588,568, whichis incorporated by reference in its entirety, WO2006/125640 (MorphoSysAG), U.S. Ser. No. 11/920,830, which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety, and WO2007/042309 (MorphoSys AG), U.S. Ser. No. 12/089,806,which is incorporated by reference in its entirety; WO2006099875(Genmab), U.S. Ser. No. 11/886,932, which is incorporated by referencein its entirety; WO2011154453A1 (Genmab), U.S. Ser. No. 13/702,857,which is incorporated by reference in its entirety; WO08/047242(Sanofi-Aventis), U.S. Ser. No. 12/441,466, which is incorporated byreference in its entirety; WO2015066450 (Sanofi), U.S. Ser. No.14/529,719, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety;WO2012092616A1, and WO2012092612A1 (Takeda), U.S. Ser. Nos. 13/341,860,and 13/977,207 both of which are incorporated by reference in theirentirety, and WO2014178820A1 (Teva).

Anti-CD38 antibody treatment in MM patients can result in partial orcomplete clearance of the M-protein produced by multiple myeloma cells.Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis(IFE) are both essential assays used for identifying and immunotypingmonoclonal proteins in patients with multiple myeloma. Recent studiesdemonstrated that certain therapeutic antibodies in development for thetreatment of multiple myeloma are readily detected on serum IFE and caninterfere with the detection and monitoring of M protein levels(McCudden et al., Clinical Chemistry, 56:12; 1897-1904 (2010), see alsoGenzen et al., British Journal of Haematology (2011) 155(1) 123-125).McCudden et al. observed that an incubation with Siltuximab (ananti-IL-6 antibody) with anti-drug antibodies shifted the drugelectrophoretic pattern such that the therapeutic antibody Siltuximabcould be differentiated from endogenous M-protein. Janssen also recentlypublished the development of a clinical assay to mitigate Daratumumab'sinterference with M-protein in IFE using a similar approach, whichutilized a mouse anti-daratumumab antibody ideally labeled with biotinor Alexa-fluor tags to shift the complex on IFE. Axel, et al.,Development of a Clinical Assay to Mitigate Daratumumab, an IgGlkMonoclonal Antibody, Interference with Serum Immunofixation and ClinicalAssessment of M-protein Response in Multiple Myeloma Poster Presented atthe 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research(AACR), Apr. 5-9, 2014, San Diego, Calif., USA; see also van de Donk etal., Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 in hematological malignanciesand beyond, Immunological Reviews, 270:95-112 (2016).

These approaches, however, are not sufficient for every therapeuticantibody. Novel mitigation strategies are needed that are specific foreach therapeutic antibody to avoid this potential interference with SPEPand IFE to ensure valid clinical response descriptions that meet theInternational Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Applicant herein discloses an anti-idiotypic antibody to MOR202, whichwhen fused to human albumin, shifted the antibody in IFE thus mitigatingany potential interference of MOR202 with the M-protein based clinicalassessment.

The anti-idiotypic antibody, albumin fusion will be integrated into theclinical development design of MOR202 in order to enhance the clinicalassessment of the M-protein response.

An aspect is an anti-idiotypic antibody to MOR202. In an aspect theanti-idiotypic antibody is fused to human albumin. In embodiments theanti-idiotypic antibody comprises a variable heavy chain comprising anHCDR1 of the amino acid sequence YSFSNYWIS (SEQ ID NO: 18),

-   an HCDR2 of the amino acid sequence WMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQG (SEQ ID NO:    19),-   an HCDR3 of the amino acid sequence SRGAGMDY (SEQ ID NO: 20), and-   a variable light chain comprising an LCDR1 of the amino acid    sequence TGSSSNIGAGYDVH (SEQ ID NO: 21),-   an LCDR2 of the amino acid sequence LLIYADNNRPS (SEQ ID NO: 22),-   an LCDR3 of the amino acid sequence GSYDESSNSM (SEQ ID NO: 23).

In an embodiment, the anti-idiotypic antibody is a human antibody.

In embodiments, the anti-idiotypic antibody fusion comprises the heavychain of amino acid sequenceQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFSNYWISWVRQMPGKGLEWMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARSRGAGMDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSDIDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPFEDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEPERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLFFAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAVARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLKECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYARRHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFEQLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVVLNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETFTFHADICTLSEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDKETCFAEEGKKLVAASQAALGLVNSRHHHHHH (SEQ ID NO: 24).

In embodiments, the anti-idiotypic antibody fusion comprises the lightchain of amino acid sequenceDIVLTQPPSVSGAPGQRVTISCTGSSSNIGAGYDVHWYQQLPGTAPKLLIYADNNRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGTSASLAITGLQSEDEADYYCGSYDESSNSMVFGGGTKLTVLGQPKAAPSVTLFPPSSEELQANKATLVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADSSPVKAGVETTTPSKQSNNKYAASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTVAPTECS (SEQ ID NO: 25).

An aspect is a method of evaluating a blood sample obtained from apatient undergoing treatment for multiple myeloma or other gammopathycomprising obtaining a blood sample from said patient, incubating theblood sample with an anti-idiotypic antibody,

-   performing immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and reporting the    results of the IFE.

In embodiments, the patient is undergoing treatment with MOR202.

In embodiments, the sample is evaluated for total M-protein levels.

An aspect, is a nucleic acid encoding the exemplified anti-idiotypicantibody or exemplified anti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the amino acid sequence of MOR202.

FIGS. 2A-B show the amino acid sequence of MOR09292 (an anti-idiotypicantibody to MOR202) human albumin fusion protein.

FIG. 3 shows a typical normal pattern for the distribution of proteinsas determined by serum protein electrophoresis.

FIG. 4 shows a serum protein electrophoresis distribution of proteinshaving a homogeneous spike-like peak in a focal region of thegamma-globulin zone common to disorders known as monoclonalgammopathies. This peak represents a single clone of plasma cells thatproduce a homogeneous M protein.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a gel after serum immunofixationelectrophoresis of a healthy donor. Lane ELP=total protein staining;Lane G=anti-IgG staining; Lane A=anti-IgA staining; Lane M=anti-IgMstaining; Lane K=anti-kappa staining; Lane L=anti-lambda staining.

FIG. 6 shows a serum immunofixation electrophoresis of a sample from adrug naive healthy donor (A and B) and a drug naive MM patient (C andD). The samples were tested either unspiked or spiked with MOR202 atdifferent concentrations. (Lane 1=no MOR202 added; Lane 2=MOR202 addedat 200 μg/mL; Lane 3=MOR202 added at 400 μg/mL; Lane 4=MOR202 added at800 μg/mL; Lane 5=MOR202 added at 1200 μg/mL). Bands encircled with adotted line become only visible after MOR202 spike and represent therespective molecule. Bands marked with an arrow represent endogenousM-protein.

FIG. 7 shows a serum immunofixation electrophoresis of MOR202+/−preincubation of MOR0929 IgG1 and MOR09292 IgM in saline. MOR202 at aconstant concentration of 1200 μg/mL (A and B) or 560 μg/mL (C) insaline was pre-incubated with its idiotypic antibody MOR09292 indifferent formats and the prepared samples were analyzed via IFE. A)+B):MOR202 and MOR09292 IgG1 (using anti-IgG staining (A) and anti-lambdastaining (B) (Lane 1=MOR202; Lane 2=MOR09292 IgG1 2400 μg/mL; Lane3=MOR202+MOR09292 IgG1 at 600 μg/mL; Lane 4=MOR202+MOR09292 IgG1 at 1200μg/mL; Lane 5=MOR202+MOR09292 IgG1 at 2400 μg/mL). C): MOR202 andMOR09292 IgM using anti-IgG staining (Lane 2-4), anti-lambda staining(Lane 5-7) and anti-IgM staining (Lane 8-10) (Lane 2/5/8=MOR202; Lane3/6/9=MOR09292 IgM 560 μg/mL; Lane 4/7/10=MOR202+MOR09292 IgM 560 μg/mL;Lane 1=human serum from a healthy donor stained for total protein toevaluate general background signaling in serum samples).

FIG. 8 shows a serum immunofixation electrophoresis ofMOR202+/−preincubation of MOR09292-human albumin fusion (MOR09292-hAlb)in saline and human serum. MOR202 at a constant concentration of 1200μg/mL in saline (Lane 2-3) or serum (Lane 4-13) was pre-incubated withor without its idiotypic antibody MOR09292-hAlb at different ratios andthe prepared samples were analyzed via IFE using anti-IgG staining (Lane2-8) or anti-lambda staining (Lane 9-13). (Lane 2=MOR202; Lane3=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 2400 μg/mL; Lane 4=MOR202; Lane5=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 1200 μg/mL; Lane 6=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at1800 μg/mL; Lane 7=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 2400 μg/mL; Lane8=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 3600 μg/mL;Lane 9=MOR202; Lane10=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 1200 μg/mL; Lane 11=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at1800 μg/mL; Lane 12=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 2400 μg/mL; Lane13=MOR202+MOR09292-hAlb at 3600 μg/mL; Lane 1=human serum from a healthydonor stained for total protein to evaluate general backgroundsignaling).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

The term “anti-idiotypic” describes a protein or peptide that binds tothe variable regions of an antibody. The anti-idiotypic protein can bean antibody. For example, antibody MOR09292 binds to the variableregions of MOR202.

The term “antibody” includes antibody fragments.

Antibodies include monoclonal antibodies of any isotype, e.g., IgG, IgM,IgA, IgD and IgE. An IgG antibody is comprised of two identical heavychains and two identical light chains that are joined by disulfidebonds. The heavy and light chains of antibodies contain a constantregion and a variable region. Each variable region contains threesegments called “complementarity-determining regions” (“CDRs”) or“hypervariable regions”, which are primarily responsible for binding anepitope of an antigen. They are referred to as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3,numbered sequentially from the N-terminus. The more highly conservedportions of the variable regions outside of the CDRs are called the“framework regions”. An “antibody fragment” means an Fv, scFv, dsFv,Fab, Fab′ F(ab′)2 fragment, or other fragment, which contains at leastone variable heavy or variable light chain, each containing CDRs andframework regions.

The “CDRs” herein are defined by either Chothia et al., Kabat et al. orby an internal numbering convention. See Chothia C, Lesk A M. (1987)Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins. JMol Biol., 196(4):901-17, which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety. See Kabat E. A, Wu T. T., Perry H. M., Gottesman K. S. andFoeller C. (1991). Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest. 5thedit., NIH Publication no. 91-3242, US Dept. of Health and HumanServices, Washington, D.C., which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

“VH” refers to the variable region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain ofan antibody, or antibody fragment. “VL” refers to the variable region ofthe immunoglobulin light chain of an antibody, or antibody fragment.

“Fc region” means the constant region of an antibody, which in humansmay be of the IgG1, 2, 3, 4 subclass or others. The sequences of humanFc regions are available at IMGT, Human IGH C-REGIONs, http with theextension imgt.org/ligmdb/ of the world wide web (retrieved on 22 Feb.2016).

A “human antibody” or “human antibody fragment”, as used herein,includes antibodies and antibody fragments having variable regions inwhich both the framework and CDR regions are derived from sequences ofhuman origin. Furthermore, if the antibody contains a constant region,the constant region also is derived from such sequences.

“Specific” describes a protein that recognizes an antigen and is able todiscriminate between such antigen and one or more reference antigen(s).This ability can be identified by a standard ELISA assay. Typically,determination of specificity is performed by using not a singlereference antigen, but a set of about three to five unrelated antigens,such as milk powder, BSA, transferrin or the like.

“Evaluating a blood sample” means evaluating the blood or portion of theblood sample most relevant for the method. Currently immunofixationelectrophoresis is done on the serum component of blood. If, however, inthe future a different blood component is evaluated, the invention isdirected to a method evaluating that blood component. Blood componentsinclude, for example, plasma, serum, cells, e.g. red and white cells,and platelets. Plasma includes proteins, such as globulins, and clottingfactors, and salts, sugars, fat, hormones and vitamins.

Gammopathies are conditions in which serum immunoglobulin levels aregreatly increased. They can be classified either as polyclonal(increases in all major immunoglobulin classes) or monoclonal (increasesin a single homogeneous immunoglobulin).

Polyclonal gammopathies result from chronic stimulation of the immunesystem. They can therefore be caused by chronic pyodermas; chronicviral, bacterial, or fungal infections; granulomatous bacterialdiseases; abscesses; chronic parasitic infections; chronic rickettsialdiseases, such as tropical canine pancytopenia; chronic immunologicdiseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis,and myositis; or by some neoplasia. In many cases, there is no obviouspredisposing cause. In some animals, the gammopathy may initially bemonoclonal because of the predominance of a single immunoglobulin class(usually IgG).

Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the production of largeamounts of a single immunoglobulin protein. Monoclonal gammopathies areeither benign (ie, associated with no underlying disease), or morecommonly, associated with immunoglobulin-secreting tumors. Tumors thatsecrete monoclonal antibodies originate from plasma cells (myelomas).Myelomas can secrete intact proteins of any immunoglobulin class orimmunoglobulin subunits or fragments (light chains or heavy chains).Examples of Monoclonal gammopathies include: Hodgkin's disease; variantsof multiple myeloma, e.g., Solitary plasmacytoma of bone, Extramedullaryplasmacytoma, Plasma cell leukemia, and Non-secretory myeloma,Lymphoproliferative disorders, such as, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia,and Lymphoma; Heavy chain disease (γ, α, μ); and Amyloidosis.

The term “CD38” refers to the protein known as CD38, having thefollowing synonyms: ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1, cADPr hydrolase 1, CyclicADP-ribose hydrolase 1, T10.

Human CD38 has the amino acid sequence of:

(SEQ ID NO: 1) MANCEESPVSGDKPCCRLSRRAQLCLGVSILVLILVVVLAVVVPRWRQQWSGPGTTKREPETVLARCVKYTEIHPEMRHVDCQSVWDAFKGAFISKHPCNITEEDYQPLMKLGTQTVPCNKILLWSRIKDLAHQFTQVQRDMFTLEDTLLGYLADDLTWCGEFNTSKINYQSCPDWRKDCSNNPVSVFWKTVSRRFAEAACDVVHVMLNGSRSKIFDKNSTFGSVEVHNLQPEKVQTLEAWVIHGGREDSRDLCQDPTIKELESIISKRNIQFSCKNIYRPDKFLQCVKNPEDS SCTSEI.

“MOR202” an anti-CD38 antibody whose amino acid sequence is provided inFIG. 1 . “MOR202” and “MOR03087” are used as synonyms to describe theantibody shown in FIG. 1 .

The DNA sequence encoding the MOR202 Variable Heavy Domain is:

(SEQ ID NO: 2) CAGGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGGCAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTACCTTTTCTTCTTATTATATGAATTGGGTGCGCCAAGCCCCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGGGTGAGCGGTATCTCTGGTGATCCTAGCAATACCTATTATGCGGATAGCGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCATTTCACGTGATAATTCGAAAAACACCCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTATTATTGCGCGCGTGATCTTCCTCTTGTTTATACTGGTTTTGCTTATTGGGGCCAAGGCACCC TGGTGACGGTTAGGTCA.

The DNA sequence encoding the MOR202 Variable Light Domain is:

(SEQ ID NO: 3) GATATCGAACTGACCCAGCCGCCTTCAGTGAGCGTTGCACCAGGTCAGACCGCGCGTATCTCGTGTAGCGGCGATAATCTTCGTCATTATTATGTTTATTGGTACCAGCAGAAACCCGGGCAGGCGCCAGTTCTTGTGATTTATGGTGATTCTAAGCGTCCCTCAGGCATCCCGGAACGCTTTAGCGGATCCAACAGCGGCAACACCGCGACCCTGACCATTAGCGGCACTCAGGCGGAAGACGAAGCGGATTATTATTGCCAGACTTATACTGGTGGTGCTTCTCTTGTGTTTGGCGGCGGCACGAAGTTAACCGTTCTTGGCCAG.

MOR202 is disclosed in WO2007/042309, U.S. Ser. No. 12/089,806, which isincorporated by reference in its entirety. In U.S. Ser. No. 12/089,806,MOR202 is the antibody comprising the variable heavy chain correspondingto SEQ ID NO: 21 and variable light chain corresponding to SEQ ID NO:51, and the nucleic acids encoding MOR202 are variable heavy chain SEQID NO: 6 and variable light chain SEQ ID NO:36.

MOR202 is currently being tested in a phase 1/2a trial in patients withrelapsed/refractory myeloma. The study is evaluating the safety andpreliminary efficacy of MOR202 as monotherapy and in combination withpomalidomide and lenalidomide plus dexamethasone.

The antibody, MOR09292, is an anti-idiotypic antibody to MOR202 and isencoded by the nucleic acid sequence:

VH: (SEQ ID NO: 4) CAGGTGCAATTGGTTCAGAGCGGCGCGGAAGTGAAAAAACCGGGCGAAAGCCTGAAAATTAGCTGCAAAGGTTCCGGATATTCCTTTTCTAATTATTGGATTTCTTGGGTGCGCCAGATGCCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGGATGGGCATTATCGATCCGGCTTCTAGCAAGACCCGTTATTCTCCGAGCTTTCAGGGCCAGGTGACCATTAGCGCGGATAAAAGCATTAGCACCGCGTATCTTCAATGGAGCAGCCTGAAAGCGAGCGATACGGCCATGTATTATTGCGCGCGTTCTCGTGGTGCTGGTATGGATTATTGGGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGG TTAGCTCA. VL:(SEQ ID NO: 5) GATATCGTGCTGACCCAGCCGCCTTCAGTGAGTGGCGCACCAGGTCAGCGTGTGACCATCTCGTGTACGGGCAGCAGCAGCAACATTGGTGCTGGTTATGATGTGCATTGGTACCAGCAGTTGCCCGGGACGGCGCCGAAACTTCTGATTTATGCTGATAATAATCGTCCCTCAGGCGTGCCGGATCGTTTTAGCGGATCCAAAAGCGGCACCAGCGCGAGCCTTGCGATTACGGGCCTGCAAAGCGAAGACGAAGCGGATTATTATTGCGGTTCTTATGATGAGTCTTCTAATTCTATGGTGTTTGGCGGCGGCACGAAGTTAACCGTTCTTGGCCAG .

DNA encoding MOR09292-VH-CH1 HSA 6His (no leader sequence)(MOR09292-hAlb heavy chain):

(SEQ ID NO: 26) CAGGTGCAATTGGTTCAGAGCGGCGCGGAAGTGAAAAAACCGGGCGAAAGCCTGAAAATTAGCTGCAAAGGTTCCGGATATTCCTTTTCTAATTATTGGATTTCTTGGGTGCGCCAGATGCCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGGATGGGCATTATCGATCCGGCTTCTAGCAAGACCCGTTATTCTCCGAGCTTTCAGGGCCAGGTGACCATTAGCGCGGATAAAAGCATTAGCACCGCGTATCTTCAATGGAGCAGCCTGAAAGCGAGCGATACGGCCATGTATTATTGCGCGCGTTCTCGTGGTGCTGGTATGGATTATTGGGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCAGCCTCCACCAAGGGTCCATCGGTCTTCCCCCTGGCACCCTCCTCCAAGAGCACCTCTGGGGGCACAGCGGCCCTGGGCTGCCTGGTCAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAACCGGTGACGGTGTCGTGGAACTCAGGCGCCCTGACCAGCGGCGTGCACACCTTCCCGGCTGTCCTACAGTCCTCAGGACTCTACTCCCTCAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGTGCCCTCCAGCAGCTTGGGCACCCAGACCTAGATCTGCAACGTGAATCACAAGCCGAGCAACACCAAGGTGGAGAAGAGAGTTGAGCCCAAATCTGATATCGACGCCCACAAGAGCGAGGTGGCCCACCGGTTTAAGGACCTGGGCGAGGAAAACTTCAAGGCCCTGGTGCTGATCGCCTTCGCCCAGTACCTGCAGCAGTGCCCCTTCGAGGACCACGTGAAGCTCGTGAACGAAGTGACCGAGTTCGCCAAGACCTGCGTGGCCGATGAGAGCGCCGAGAACTGCGACAAGAGCCTGCACACCCTGTTCGGCGACAAGCTGTGTACCGTGGCCACCCTGAGAGAAACCTACGGCGAGATGGCCGACTGCTGCGCCAAGCAGGAACCCGAGAGGAACGAGTGCTTCCTGCAGCACAAGGACGACAACCCCAACCTGCCCAGACTCGTGCGGCCCGAAGTGGACGTGATGTGCACCGCCTTCCACGACAACGAGGAAACCTTCCTGAAGAAGTACCTGTACGAGATCGCCAGACGGCACCCCTACTTCTACGCCCCCGAGCTGCTGTTCTTCGCCAAGCGGTACAAGGCCGCCTTCACCGAGTGTTGCCAGGCCGCCGATAAGGCCGCTTGCCTGCTGCCTAAGCTGGACGAGCTGAGGGATGAGGGCAAGGCCAGCTCTGCCAAGCAGAGACTGAAGTGCGCCAGCCTGCAGAAGTTCGGCGAGCGGGCCTTTAAAGCCTGGGCCGTGGCTAGACTGAGCCAGAGATTCCCCAAGGCCGAGTTTGCCGAGGTGTCCAAGCTCGTGACCGACCTGACCAAGGTGCACACCGAGTGCTGTCACGGCGACCTGCTGGAATGCGCCGACGACAGAGCCGATCTGGCCAAGTACATCTGCGAGAACCAGGACAGCATCAGCAGCAAGCTGAAAGAGTGCTGCGAGAAGCCTCTGCTGGAAAAGAGCCACTGTATCGCCGAGGTGGAAAACGACGAGATGCCCGCCGATCTGCCTTCTCTGGCCGCCGACTTCGTGGAAAGCAAGGACGTGTGCAAGAACTACGCCGAGGCCAAGGATGTGTTCCTGGGCATGTTTCTGTATGAGTACGCCCGCAGACACCCCGACTACAGCGTGGTGCTGCTGCTGAGACTGGCCAAAACCTACGAGACAACCCTGGAAAAGTGCTGTGCCGCCGCTGACCCCCACGAGTGTTACGCCAAGGTGTTCGACGAGTTCAAGCCACTGGTGGAAGAACCCCAGAACCTGATCAAGCAGAATTGCGAGCTGTTCGAGCAGCTGGGCGAGTACAAGTTCCAGAACGCCCTGCTCGTGCGGTACACCAAGAAAGTGCCCCAGGTGTCCACCCCCACCCTGGTGGAAGTGTCCCGGAACCTGGGCAAAGTGGGCAGCAAGTGCTGCAAGCACCCTGAGGCCAAGAGAATGCCCTGCGCCGAGGACTACCTGTCTGTGGTGCTGAACCAGCTGTGCGTGCTGCACGAGAAAACCCCCGTGTCCGACAGAGTGACCAAGTGCTGTACCGAGAGCCTCGTGAACAGACGGCCCTGCTTCAGCGCCCTGGAAGTGGATGAGACATACGTGCCCAAAGAGTTCAACGCCGAGACATTCACCTTCCACGCCGACATCTGCACCCTGTCCGAGAAAGAGCGGCAGATCAAGAAACAGACCGCTCTGGTGGAACTCGTGAAGCACAAGCCCAAGGCCACCAAAGAACAGCTGAAGGCCGTGATGGACGACTTCGCCGCCTTTGTGGAAAAATGCTGCAAGGCCGATGACAAAGAGACATGCTTCGCCGAAGAGGGCAAGAAACTGGTGGCCGCCTCTCAGGCTGCTCTGGGACTGGTTAACTCTAGACACCATCACCATCACCAT.

DNA encoding MOR09292-VL-lambda (no leader sequence) (MOR09292-hAlblight chain):

(SEQ ID NO: 27) GATATCGTGCTGACCCAGCCGCCTTCAGTGAGTGGCGCACCAGGTCAGCGTGTGACCATCTCGTGTACGGGCAGCAGCAGCAACATTGGTGCTGGTTATGATGTGCATTGGTACCAGCAGTTGCCCGGGACGGCGCCGAAACTTCTGATTTATGCTGATAATAATCGTCCCTCAGGCGTGCCGGATCGTTTTAGCGGATCCAAAAGCGGCACCAGCGCGAGCCTTGCGATTACGGGCCTGCAAAGCGAAGACGAAGCGGATTATTATTGCGGTTCTTATGATGAGTCTTCTAATTCTATGGTGTTTGGCGGCGGCACGAAGTTAACCGTCCTAGGTCAGCCCAAGGCTGCCCCCTCGGTCACTCTGTTCCCGCCCTCCTCTGAGGAGCTTCAAGCCAACAAGGCCACACTGGTGTGTCTCATAAGTGACTTCTACCCGGGAGCCGTGACAGTGGCCTGGAAGGCAGATAGCAGCCCCGTCAAGGCGGGAGTGGAGACCACCACACCCTCCAAACAAAGCAACAACAAGTACGCGGCCAGCAGCTATCTGAGCCTGACGCCTGAGCAGTGGAAGTCCCACAGAAGCTACAGCTGCCAGGTCACGCATGAAGGGAGCACCGTGGAGAAGACAGTGGCCC CTACAGAATGTTGA.

Human albumin has the following amino acid sequence (including thesignal sequence):

(SEQ ID NO: 6) MKWVTETSLLFLFSSAYSRGVFRRDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPFEDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEPERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLFFAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAVARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLKECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYARRHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFEQLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVVLNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETETFHADICTLSEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDK ETCFAEEGKKLVAASQAALGL.

The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Uniform Response Criteriafor Multiple Myeloma are as follows:

Response IMWG criteria sCR CR as defined below plus normal FLC ratio andabsence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry orimmunofluorescence CR Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine anddisappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and <5% plasma cells inbone marrow VGPR Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixationbut not on electrophoresis or ≥90% reduction in serum M-protein plusurine M-protein level <100 mg/24 h PR ≥50% reduction of serum M-proteinand reduction in 24 hours urinary M-protein by ≥90% or to <200 mg/24 hIf the serum and urine M-protein are unmeasurable, 5 a ≥50% decrease inthe difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required inplace of the M-protein criteria If serum and urine M-protein are notmeasurable, and serum free light assay is also not measureable, ≥50%reduction in plasma cells is required in place of M-protein, providedbaseline bone marrow plasma cell percentage was ≥30% In addition to theabove listed criteria, if present at baseline, a ≥50% reduction in thesize of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required Stable Disease Notmeeting criteria for CR, VGPR, PR, or progressive disease ProgressiveDisease Increase of ≥25% from lowest response value in any one or moreof the following: Serum M-component and/or (the absolute increase mustbe ≥0.5 g/dL)6 Urine M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be≥200 mg/24 h) Only in patients without measurable serum and urineM-protein levels; the difference between involved and uninvolved FLClevels. The absolute increase must be >10 mg/dL Bone marrow plasma cellpercentage; the absolute percentage must be ≥10% 7 Definite developmentof new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase inthe size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomasDevelopment of hypercalcaemia (corrected serum calcium >11.5 mg/dL or2.65 mmol/L) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cellproliferative disorder Relapse Clinical relapse requires one or more of:Direct indicators of increasing disease and/or end organ dysfunction(CRAB features). It is not used in calculation of time to progression orprogression-free survival but is listed here as something that can bereported optionally or for use in clinical practice 1. Development ofnew soft tissue plasmacytomas or bone lesions 2. Definite increase inthe size of existing plasmacytomas or bone lesions. A definite increaseis defined as a 50% (and at least 1 cm) increase as measured serially bythe sum of the products of the cross- diameters of the measurable lesion3. Hypercalcemia (>11.5 mg/dL) [2.65 mmol/L] 4. Decrease in haemoglobinof ≥2 g/dL [1.25 mmol/L] 5. Rise in serum creatinine by 2 mg/dL or more[177 mol/L or more]

Electrophoresis is a method of separating proteins based on theirbiochemical properties. Serum is placed on a specific medium, and acharge is applied. The net charge (positive or negative) and the sizeand shape of the protein commonly are used in differentiating variousserum proteins.

Several subsets of serum protein electrophoresis are available. Thenames of these subsets are based on the method that is used to separateand differentiate the various serum components. In zone electrophoresis,for example, different protein subtypes which are placed in separatephysical locations on a gel made from agar, cellulose, or other plantmaterial. The proteins are stained, and their densities are calculatedelectronically to provide graphical data on the absolute and relativeamounts of the various proteins. Further separation of protein subtypesis achieved by staining with an immunologically active agent, whichresults in immunofixation and/or immunofluorescence.

The pattern of serum protein electrophoresis results depends on thefractions of two major types of proteins: albumin and globulins.Albumin, the major protein component of serum, is produced by the liverunder normal physiologic conditions. Globulins comprise a smallerfraction of the total serum protein content. The subsets of theseproteins and their relative quantity are mostly the primary focus of theinterpretation of serum protein electrophoresis.

Albumin, the largest peak observed in serum protein electrophoresis, islocated closest to the positive electrode. The next five components(globulins) are labeled alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, and gamma. Thepeaks for these components appear toward the negative electrode, withthe gamma peak being closest to that electrode.

FIG. 3 shows a typical normal pattern for the distribution of proteinsas determined by serum protein electrophoresis.

The albumin band represents the largest protein component of humanserum. The albumin level is decreased under circumstances in which thereis less production of the protein by the liver or in which there isincreased loss or degradation of this protein. Malnutrition, significantliver disease, renal loss (e.g., in nephrotic syndrome), hormonetherapy, and pregnancy may account for a low albumin level. Burns alsomay result in a low albumin level. Levels of albumin are increased forexample in patients with a relative reduction in serum water (e.g.,dehydration).

Moving toward the negative portion of the gel (i.e., the negativeelectrode), the next peaks involve the alpha1 and alpha2 components. Thealphal-protein fraction is comprised of alphal-antitrypsin,thyroid-binding globulin, and transcortin. Malignancy and acuteinflammation (resulting from acute-phase reactants) can increase thealphal-protein band. A decreased alphal-protein band may occur becauseof alphal-antitrypsin deficiency or decreased production of the globulinas a result of liver disease. Ceruloplasmin, alpha2-macroglobulin, andhaptoglobin contribute to the alpha2-protein band. The alpha2 componentis increased as an acute-phase reactant.

The beta fraction has two peaks labeled beta1 and beta2. Betal iscomposed mostly of transferrin, and beta2 contains beta-lipoprotein.IgA, IgM, and sometimes IgG, along with complement proteins, also can beidentified in the beta fraction.

Much of the clinical interest is focused on the gamma region of theserum protein spectrum because immunoglobulins migrate to this region.It should be noted that immunoglobulins often can be found throughoutthe electrophoretic spectrum. C-reactive protein (CRP) is located in thearea between the beta and gamma components.

Although many conditions can cause an increase in the gamma region,several disease states cause a homogeneous spike-like peak in a focalregion of the gamma-globulin zone (FIG. 4 ). These so-called “monoclonalgammopathies” constitute a group of disorders that are characterized byproliferation of a single or very few clone(s) of plasma cells eachproducing a homogeneous M protein, such as MM.

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is a technique that allows aprotein to be anchored after electrophoresis by forming an insolublecomplex with a monoclonal or polyclonal detection antibody reagentadded. It is performed in the following four steps:

Separation of proteins by electrophoresis.

Immunofixation (immunoprecipitation) of the electrophoresed proteins—theappropriate electrophoretic migration tracks are overlaid withindividual antisera. The antisera diffuse into the gel and precipitatethe corresponding antigens when present. The proteins in the referencetrack are fixed with a fixative agent.

The unprecipitated, soluble proteins are removed from the gel byblotting and washing. Precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex istrapped within the gel matrix.

The precipitated proteins are visualized by staining (e.g. acid violetstain).

To detect and identify the suspected monoclonal component, the sample issimultaneously electrophoresed in several tracks in parallel (see FIG. 5). After the electrophoresis, the ELP track serves as a reference(containing the total protein fixation) providing a completeelectrophoretic pattern of the serum sample's proteins. The remainingtracks allow characterization of the monoclonal component from itsreaction, or lack of, usually with antisera against human IgG, IgA andIgM heavy chains, and against free and bound kappa and lambda lightchains. Other anti-sera (e.g. anti-IgD, etc.) are also possible. Theimmunofixed bands are then compared with the suspect bands in thereference pattern—the corresponding band should have the same migrationposition.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a gel after serum immunofixationelectrophoresis. A serum sample from a healthy donor was separated viagel electrophoresis 6 times in parallel whereas each lane was stainedwith a different reagent. After staining non complexed proteins wereremoved by blotting and washing. Lane ELP=total protein staining; LaneG=anti-IgG staining; Lane A=anti-IgA staining; Lane M=anti-IgM staining;Lane K=anti-kappa staining; Lane L=anti-lambda staining.

WORKING EXAMPLES

Materials and Method IFE

Immunofixation was performed using Sebia's semi-automated agarose gelelectrophoresis systems Hydrasys and Hydrasys2 and using Sebia's MaxikitHydragel 9IF. The kits are designed for detection of Immunoglobulins inhuman serum by immunofixation electrophoresis and contain all neededreagents and materials i.e. agarose gels, buffered strips, diluent, acidviolet stain, antisera (e.g. IgG, IgA, IgM, Kappa and Lambda), fixativesolution and applicators.

In order to evaluate the impact of MOR202 on M-protein analysis, serumsamples from healthy donors and MM patients were spiked with MOR202 atdifferent concentrations and incubated for at least 15 min at roomtemperature (RT). Afterwards the samples were analyzed either spiked orunspiked with MOR202 using IFE and gels were stained with anti-IgG oranti-lambda antisera (both staining reagents are able to bind toMOR202). In both stainings MOR202 was detected already at the lowestconcertation tested at 200 μg/mL suggesting IFE interference at or evenbelow this drug serum level (FIG. 6 ).

In order to differentiate between MOR202 related assay signals in IFEvs. endogenous M-protein spikes a method was tested pre-incubating aMOR202 containing sample with an MOR202 specific anti-idiotypic antibody(MOR09292). The objective of this method was to demonstrate that theMOR202 related IFE assay signal can be migrated comparing samples withor without pre-incubation of MOR09292 and therefore clearly identifyingMOR202 related assay signals. For evaluating if the migration distanceis large enough to be detected samples containing MOR202 in saline wereprepared and pre-incubated with or without MOR09292. The anti-idiotypicantibody was produced and tested in an IgGlas well as in IgM antibodyformat. Test samples were prepared at a constant concentration of 1200μg/mL MOR202 and pre-incubated without or with various concentrations ofthe two MOR09292 variants for 60 min. Afterwards, the samples wereanalyzed and IFE gels were stained with anti-IgG or anti-lambdaantisera. The results were that no acceptable migration distance of theMOR202 drug spike suitable for clinical sample assessment could beobserved when the test samples were pre-incubated with the various formsof MOR09292 (FIG. 7 ). The surprising finding demonstrate that even whenincreasing the size of the drug/antibody complex compared to the drugantibody alone approximately 3-fold (MOR09292-IgG) or 7-fold(MOR09292-IgM) the change in molecular weight of the complex does notlead to a relevant shift in assay signals (i.e. changed migrationpattern).

Based on these results a further variant of the idiotypic antibody wasgenerated genetically fusing MOR09292-Fab fragment to human albumin(MOR09292-hAlb). The new variant increased the size of the drug-antibodycomplex compared to the drug antibody alone up to 2.6-fold. Moreimportant the incorporation of human serum albumin lowered the overallnet-charge of the complex. Sample preparation and testing was performedas described above. As a result a clear shift of theMOR202/MOR09292-huAlb complex could be observed when compared to theassay signal of MOR202 alone, see FIG. 8 .

The modified IFE assay using MOR09292-hAlb for sample pre-treatment wasincorporated into the clinical development of MOR202. Therefore, theassay was validated at the central laboratory responsible for M-proteinanalysis and introduced into the testing strategy as “Immunofixation(IFE) Reflex Assay”. In order to discriminate between MOR202 andM-protein related signals the IFE Reflex Assay was performed in additionto the regular Serum IFE and Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) forexample when the following 2 conditions are fulfilled:

-   -   a) reduction in serum M-protein levels at least 40% compared to        the M-protein concentration pre-treatment, and    -   b) at least one of the M-protein spikes left is identical to the        characteristics of the drug antibody MOR202 (i.e. IgG/lambda        positive staining in IFE).

Case Study for the Use and Results of the IFE Reflex Assay withinClinical Study MOR202C101

Within the first clinical study treating multiple myeloma patients withMOR202 (MOR202C101) the IFE Reflex Assay was applied for patient 19007after a reduction of ≥86% in serum M-protein levels was observed. Forthis patient, the M-protein spike identified was described by IFE asIgG/lambda positive, the same molecular properties as known for MOR202.Performing SPE a remaining concentration of potential M-proteins at 1 or2 g/L was detected on Jan. 12, 2106 and Feb. 19, 2016. The IFE ReflexAssay could demonstrate that this assay signal was solely caused byMOR202 interference and therefore not M-protein related (see summarylaboratory results Table 1). The results demonstrate how the newlyestablished IFE Reflex Assay could clearly discriminate betweenM-protein and therefore disease related assay signals versus MOR202treatment related assay signals.

TABLE 1 IFE Reflex Assay result negative Table 1: Case study for theclinical use of the modified IFE assay applying a MOR09292-hAlb samplepre-treatment step - summary laboratory report patient 19007 Samplereception date 19 Feb. 11 Jan. 14 Dec. 16 Nov. 26 Oct. 21 Sep. 7 Sep. 24Aug. 10 Aug. 27 Jul. 17 Jul. 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 20152015 2015 2015 Visit CYCLE 8/ CYCLE 7/ CYCLE 6/ CYCLE 5/ CYCLE 4/ CYCLE3/ CYCLE 2/ CYCLE 2/ CYCLE 1/ CYCLE 1/ SCREENING DAY 1 DAY 1 DAY 1 DAY 1DAY 8 DAY 1 DAY 15 DAY 1 DAY 15 DAY 1 SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESISMonoclonal 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 9 16 15 peak 1 (Abs) Unit g/l g/l g/l g/l g/lg/l g/l g/l g/l g/l g/l SERUM PROTEIN IMMUNOFIXATION Monoclonal IgG/lIgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l IgG/l peak 1Immunofix, Reflex Assay Monoclonal Negative Negative Positive — — — — —— — — peak 1

Before starting treatment with MOR202 patient 19007 was tested positivefor serum M-protein (16 g/L for sample received Jul. 27, 2016—positivestaining for IgG/lambda in IFE). After a 86% reduction in serumM-protein levels was observed (14 Dec. 2015) the IFE Reflex assay wasperformed in addition to IFE and SPE. On Jan. 12, 2016 and Feb. 19, 2016it was shown that the remaining M-protein concentration of 1 or 2 g/L,respectively, was only caused by MOR202 assay interference (i.e.Immunofixation Reflex Assay result “Negative” for M-proteins).

Embodiments

An aspect is an anti-idiotypic antibody fused to albumin.

In an embodiment, albumin is human albumin having the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.

In an embodiment, the human albumin is a fragment of human albumin orpartial sequence of human albumin.

In an embodiment, albumin is a functional fragment of albumin.

In another embodiment, human albumin is a functional fragment of humanalbumin. In this context the term “functional fragment” of albumin orhuman albumin refers to albumin which is a fragment or a variant ofnative albumin or human albumin, but which still is functional active ina sense that it is still able to fulfill the physiological role ofalbumin.

An embodiment, is an anti-idiotypic antibody that is specific for anantibody having a variable heavy domain comprising the amino acidsequence QVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYYMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVSGISGDPSNTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDLPLVYTGFAYWGQGTLVTV SS (SEQ IDNO: 7), and

a variable light chain domain comprising the amino acid sequenceDIELTQPPSVSVAPGQTARISCSGDNLRHYYVYWYQQKPGQAPVLVIYGDSKRPSGIPERFSGSNSGNTATLTISGTQAEDEADYYCQTYTGGASLVFGGGTKLTVLGQ (SEQ ID NO: 8).

An aspect, is an anti-idiotypic antibody that is specific for anantibody having a variable heavy domain comprising the amino acidsequence QVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYYMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVSGISGDPSNTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDLPLVYTGFAYWGQGTLVTV SS (SEQ IDNO: 7), and

a variable light chain domain comprising the amino acid sequenceDIELTQPPSVSVAPGQTARISCSGDNLRHYYVYWYQQKPGQAPVLVIYGDSKRPSGIPERFSGSNSGNTATLTISGTQAEDEADYYCQTYTGGASLVFGGGTKLTVLGQ (SEQ ID NO: 8). In anembodiment the anti-idiotypic antibody is fused to albumin. In anembodiment, albumin is human albumin having the amino acid sequence ofSEQ ID NO: 6. In an embodiment, the human albumin is a fragment of humanalbumin or partial sequence of human albumin. In an embodiment, thehuman albumin is a functional fragment of human albumin or partialsequence of human albumin.

In embodiments, the anti-idiotypic antibody comprises a variable heavychain comprising an HCDR1 of amino acid sequence YSFSNYWIS (SEQ ID NO:18), an HCDR2 of amino acid sequence WMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQG (SEQ ID NO:19), an HCDR3 of amino acid sequence SRGAGMDY (SEQ ID NO: 20), and avariable light chain comprising an LCDR1 of amino acid sequenceTGSSSNIGAGYDVH (SEQ ID NO: 21), an LCDR2 of amino acid sequenceLLIYADNNRPS (SEQ ID NO: 22), an LCDR3 of amino acid sequence GSYDESSNSM(SEQ ID NO: 23).

In an embodiment, the anti-idiotypic antibody is a human antibody.

In embodiments, the anti-idiotypic antibody comprises the variable heavychain of amino acid sequenceQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFSNYWISWVRQMPGKGLEWMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARSRGAGMDYWGQGTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO:16), and

-   the variable light chain of amino acid sequence    DIVLTQPPSVSGAPGQRVTISCTGSSSNIGAGYDVHWYQQLPGTAPKLLIYADNNRPSG    VPDRFSGSKSGTSASLAITGLQSEDEADYYCGSYDESSNSMVFGGGTKLTVLGQ (SEQ ID NO:    17).

In embodiments, the anti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusion comprises theheavy chain amino acid sequenceQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFSNYWISWVRQMPGKGLEWMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARSRGAGMDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSDIDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPFEDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEPERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLFFAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAVARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLKECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYARRHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFEQLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVVLNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETFTFHADICTLSEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDKETCFAEEGKKLVAASQAALGLVNSRHHHHHH (SEQ ID NO: 24).

In embodiments, the anti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusion comprises thelight chain amino acid sequenceDIVLTQPPSVSGAPGQRVTISCTGSSSNIGAGYDVHWYQQLPGTAPKLLIYADNNRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGTSASLAITGLQSEDEADYYCGSYDESSNSMVFGGGTKLTVLGQPKAAPSVTLFPPSSEELQANKATLVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADSSPVKAGVETTTPSKQSNNKYAASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTVAPTECS (SEQ ID NO: 25).

An aspect is a method of evaluating a blood sample obtained from apatient undergoing treatment for multiple myeloma or other gammopathycomprising

-   a) obtaining a blood sample from said patient,-   b) incubating the blood sample with an anti-idiotypic antibody,-   c) performing immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and-   d) reporting the results of the IFE.

In embodiments of the method, the patient is undergoing treatment withthe antibody having a variable heavy domain comprising the amino acidsequence QVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYYMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVSGISGDPSNTYYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDLPLVYTGFAYWGQGTLVTV SS (SEQ IDNO: 7), and

a variable light chain domain comprising the amino acid sequenceDIELTQPPSVSVAPGQTARISCSGDNLRHYYVYWYQQKPGQAPVLVIYGDSKRPSGIPERFSGSNSGNTATLTISGTQAEDEADYYCQTYTGGASLVFGGGTKLTVLGQ (SEQ ID NO: 8).

In an embodiment of the method, the anti-idiotypic antibody is fused toalbumin. In an embodiment of the method, albumin is human albumin havingthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In an embodiment of the method,the human albumin is a fragment of human albumin or partial sequence ofhuman albumin.

The exemplified anti-idiotypic antibody MOR09292 is specific for MOR202.The anti-idiotypic antibody to MOR202, when fused to human albumin,shifted the antibody in IFE thus mitigating any potential interferenceof MOR202 with the M-protein based clinical assessment. It is expectedthat the fusion of other anti-idiotypic antibody that our specific forother antibodies that are used for therapy in multiple myeloma or othergammopathy would have a similar result. Meaning that otheranti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusions would be useful in shifting theantibody in IFE thus mitigating any potential interference of thatantibody with the M-protein based clinical assessment.

In embodiments of the method, the anti-idiotypic antibody comprises avariable heavy chain comprising an HCDR1 of amino acid sequenceYSFSNYWIS (SEQ ID NO: 18), an HCDR2 of amino acid sequenceWMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQG (SEQ ID NO: 19), an HCDR3 of amino acid sequenceSRGAGMDY (SEQ ID NO: 20), and

-   a variable light chain comprising an LCDR1 of amino acid sequence    TGSSSNIGAGYDVH (SEQ ID NO: 21), an LCDR2 of amino acid sequence    LLIYADNNRPS (SEQ ID NO: 22), an LCDR3 of amino acid sequence    GSYDESSNSM (SEQ ID NO: 23).

In embodiments of the method, the anti-idiotypic antibody is a humanantibody.

In embodiments of the method, the anti-idiotypic antibody comprises thevariable heavy chain of amino acid sequenceQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFSNYWISWVRQMPGKGLEWMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARSRGAGMDYWGQGTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO:16), and

-   the variable light chain of amino acid sequence    DIVLTQPPSVSGAPGQRVTISCTGSSSNIGAGYDVHWYQQLPGTAPKLLIYADNNRPSG    VPDRFSGSKSGTSASLAITGLQSEDEADYYCGSYDESSNSMVFGGGTKLTVLGQ (SEQ ID NO:    17).

In embodiments of the method, the anti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusioncomprises the heavy chain amino acid sequenceQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFSNYWISWVRQMPGKGLEWMGIIDPASSKTRYSPSFQGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCARSRGAGMDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSDIDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPFEDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEPERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLFFAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAVARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLKECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYARRHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFEQLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVVLNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETFTFHADICTLSEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDKETCFAEEGKKLVAASQAALGLVNSRHHHHHH (SEQ ID NO: 24).

In embodiments of the method, the anti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusioncomprises the light chain amino acid sequenceDIVLTQPPSVSGAPGQRVTISCTGSSSNIGAGYDVHWYQQLPGTAPKLLIYADNNRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGTSASLAITGLQSEDEADYYCGSYDESSNSMVFGGGTKLTVLGQPKAAPSVTLFPPSSEELQANKATLVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADSSPVKAGVETTTPSKQSNNKYAASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTVAPTECS (SEQ ID NO: 25).

In embodiments of the method, the sample is obtained from a patientundergoing treatment for multiple myeloma or other gammopathy. Infurther embodiments, the gammopathy is a monoclonal gammopathy. Infurther embodiments, the monoclonal gammopathies include: Hodgkin'sdisease; variants of multiple myeloma, e.g., Solitary plasmacytoma ofbone, Extramedullary plasmacytoma, Plasma cell leukemia, andNon-secretory myeloma, Lymphoproliferative disorders, such as,Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and Lymphoma; Heavy chain disease (γ,α, μ); and Amyloidosis.

In embodiments of the method, the sample is evaluated for totalM-protein levels.

An aspect, is a nucleic acid encoding the exemplified anti-idiotypicantibody or anti-idiotypic antibody albumin fusion. In an embodiment,the anti-idiotypic antibody is MOR09292. In an embodiment theanti-idiotypic antibody is encoded by nucleic acid sequences encodingthe amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 2A-B.

In an embodiment the anti-idiotypic antibody is encoded by nucleic acidsequences SEQ ID NO: 26 (VH) and SEQ ID NO: 27 (VL).

1. A monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody that is specific for ananti-CD38 antibody, wherein the anti-CD38 antibody comprises a variableheavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and avariable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.2. The monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody according to claim 1, whereinsaid anti-idiotypic antibody comprises a variable heavy chain comprisingan HCDR1 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, an HCDR2 of theamino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, an HCDR3 of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, and a variable light chain comprising anLCDR1 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, an LCDR2 of the aminoacid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, an LCDR3 of the amino acid sequence ofSEQ ID NO:
 23. 3. The monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody according toclaim 2, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibody comprises a variable heavychain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and a variable lightchain of amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:
 17. 4. The monoclonalanti-idiotypic antibody according to claim 1, wherein the anti-idiotypicantibody is a human antibody.
 5. The monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodyaccording to claim 1, wherein the anti-idiotypic antibody is an IgG. 6.The monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody according to claim 1, wherein theanti-idiotypic antibody is an IgM.
 7. A method of evaluating a bloodsample obtained from a patient undergoing treatment for multiple myelomaor other gammopathy comprising a) obtaining a blood sample from saidpatient, b) incubating the blood sample with an anti-idiotypic antibody,c) performing immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and d) reporting theresults of the IFE, wherein the patient is undergoing treatment with amonoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody that is specific for an anti-CD38antibody, wherein the anti-CD38 antibody comprises a variable heavychain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a variablelight chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 8. 8. Themethod according to claim 7, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibodycomprises a variable heavy chain comprising an HCDR1 of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, an HCDR2 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 19, an HCDR3 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, and avariable light chain comprising an LCDR1 of the amino acid sequence ofSEQ ID NO: 21, an LCDR2 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, anLCDR3 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 23. 9. The methodaccording to claim 8, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibody comprises avariable heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and avariable light chain of amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:
 17. 10. Themethod according to claim 7, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibody is ahuman antibody.
 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein saidanti-idiotypic antibody is an IgG.
 12. The method according to claim 7,wherein the anti-idiotypic antibody is an IgM.